jerky treats causing fanconi syndrome in dogs

Hi Cici There is also a lot of interesting info on the site. I have to go to vet office to get medication given ,cause Im unable to hold her well enough and also she wont take treats with medication in it, she smells it and wont eat it. So many dont. Urinalysis generally shows glucosuria and low USG. 17. Dog owners beware Jerky-Treats are killing dogs, News, Chicken jerky treats sicken 353 dogs, owners report, $5million law suit over dogs deaths from jerky treats, More news about Beef Jerky treat for dogs, The following errors occurred with your submission. Additional testing for other causes of Further work up to evaluate renal damage should be done as well can a venous blood gas to establish the acid-based status. Since the disease is typically not discovered . In addition to mildly elevated liver enzymes, the most common blood abnormalities include severe decrease in Potassium, called hypokalemia, along with acidosis and glucose (sugar) in the urine and granular casts on urinalysis. Based upon our studies, dogs with either cystine levels of > 200 mol/g creatinine or COLA values of > 700 mol/g creatinine are considered cystinuric. After export of the chicken treats, Acquired Fanconi Syndrome appeared in Japan, Europe, North America and Australia, predominantly affecting small dog breeds. The complaints received have been on various chicken jerky products but to date we have not detected any contaminants and therefore have not issued a recall or implicated any products. Farias F, Mhlanga-Mutangadura T, Taylor JF, O'Brien DP, Schnabel RD, Johnson GS. Without these the kidneys will start to fail. including Fanconi syndrome, are reported in dogs consuming jerky pet treats. Canadian Veterinary Medicine Association (CVMA), American Veterinary Medicine Association (AVMA), Trader Joes recalls cookies because of rocks in product, Romaine lettuce recalled because of rodent droppings, Cooperstown Cheese Companys cheese products recalled over Listeria contamination, Officials say hepatitis A outbreak linked to frozen organic strawberries is growing, USDA updates for cell-cultured meat and poultry, From Farm to Table: Empowering food safety with AI-driven software, Publishers Platform: Two weeks until Poisoned hits Netflix. Jerky induced Fanconi syndrome is a kidney disease related to ingestion of jerky treats, mainly in dogs, resulting in excretion of sugar in the urine despite normal blood sugar. Thank you. The CVMA also notified the American Veterinary Medicine Association (AVMA), which transmitted the advisory to US veterinarians. We took her home and had been giving her subcutaneous fluids daily for about a month now. 1 FDA investigations are ongoing without established causality or identification of the toxic ingredient. Fanconi Syndrome has historically been seen as a genetically inherited disease seen most commonly in the Basenji breed. Veterinarians Hooper and Roberts, writing in the Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, described four illnesses in small-breed dogs. 30ZO!@/ hYYOG+h+wHGQ|$'h0,;hwQW5C,f#%VEU]G=ReBY*+|)J Hubbard talks about it with her clients at Rustburg Veterinary Clinic in Virginia. Chemistry panels reveal azotemia, hypophosphatemia, hyperchloremia, and hypokalemia. Jerky Treats Causing Fanconi Syndrome in Dogs - doindogs.com All dogs in the reported cases had been fed chicken jerky treats that were manufactured in China. Veterinarians advise avoiding chicken jerky dog treats with her primary vet. In contrast, attempts to dissolve cystine stones medically by drugs and diet have generally failed. Veterinary researchers close in on FIP treatment, Virologist aims to hunt for canine parvovirus strain, Virulent disease in rabbits surfaces in Ohio, Weruva brand implicated in Australia cat food recall, What a year: Pandemic views from around the world, What we know now about Covid in the animal world, Where veterinarians stand in the line for COVID vaccine, World's deadliest horse disease spreads further, Zoo veterinarians tough it out as financial losses mount. 5. Though jerky treats have been a top suspect in investigations into treat-acquired Fanconi, other types have been implicated as well, including dental chews in Australia. panel including electrolytes, urinalysis and urine culture. Thank you Feline cystinuria caused by a missense mutation in the SLC3A1 gene. Internal organ function revealed abnormal renal values and hypophosphatemia. HVj@}Wn{Lq It sounds like your dog is doing better and is lucky to have you as her owner. The 2007 cases were linked to melamine contamination of treats that were manufactured in China. Hooper AN, Roberts BK. Data was analyzed using linear mixed models ( p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant) and descriptive statistics are reported. A nonsurgical procedure is preferred. zP `T*}Ln44O;vqY/3!wwc\bGC}:WN2JmrU{^y_MbtQW"itv{^O(C{OK0hVw/!Yw/.OKpPR^x0y]7Wa}j~vKB)evjf".~yf=F\kwuXs'W_BGDSIEsj '=R `u|;)gO9LkfV^\iynL`LhGUr#}7h/a^p'yI5\;^N7G7CPJZ?0iVO; G,6=4:Y5Gb:XL5 ryy5gfvFJPa@trXN#`EA,x#/"Ga|!S!zg(W2gHgpkUC5cu-fbV"],|Ld>aB..k6yMjg6iOTZj%KH;yc!Xp'Op%"2VcY% //p Update on Fanconi Syndrome & Cystinuria - VIN Thank you for your time. (function() { I trusted Pup E Luv treats as they say they are made in the USA. Outcome of Acquired Fanconi Syndrome Associated with Ingestion of Jerky Ethel ate regular AAFCO certified dog food; however, she was encouraged to eat every meal with jerky treats on top of it. Furthermore, urinalysis often reveals the presence of characteristic hexagonal cystine crystals. jerky treats causing Fanconi syndrome in dogs (bite, vet, diarrhea Born 11-01-10 is diagnosed with fanconi syndrome in January of 2020. More recently Fanconi syndrome has been associated with the ingestion of chicken and duck, and even veggie pet jerky treats of different brands that contain Chinese products. doi: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-5602. urinalysis. In several of these breeds from which more data is available, such as the Mastiff, French and English Bulldog, Basset hound and Irish terrier, the disease predominantly occurs later in life, is less severe, more variable and only involves intact mature males. Thanks for the reply. Does this new elevation mean that she is going to die? D1y IIskPjTb EF Kidney x-rays, andFanconi Syndrome screens on urine may be warranted in some cases. Recent studies indicate that Labrador Retrievers with copper-associated hepatopathy develop Fanconi syndrome. I appreciate you sharing this with us and food products from China are best to be avoided. We recommend a CBC, chemistry panel including electrolytes, urinalysis and urine culture. In the majority of these cases, the symptoms resolved once the toxin was removed from their diet, though the possibility of severe lasting kidney damage may still exist. Her breed is not consistant with the disease. Some internists may follow a specialized plan called the Gonto Protocol. PMID: 22058368. Cause in spate of dog deaths in Norway remains elusive, Clostridium botulinum not detected, pet food maker says, Coronaviruses in the domestic animal kingdom, COVID-19 hits 11 Illinois veterinary clinics, COVID-19 variant link to pet heart problems scrutinized, Deadly dog disease burrows into Australia, Diet-related heart problem reported in 325 dogs, Dispatch from Hong Kong: Life amid COVID-19, Dog food brands most linked to heart-disease reports named, Dog infected by COVID-19 virus, Hong Kong authorities say, Dog under Ebola watch gets high-level caretakers, Domestic vaccine for lethal rabbit virus available, Dozens of dogs die after eating tainted kibble, Early test results show no new parvo outbreak, MSU says, Fast-spreading cough strikes dogs in Montana, FDA wants your thoughts on pet food oversight, FDA: Pet diet remains 'a potential factor' in DCM cases, FDA: Study of Salmonella in pet food just routine, Feline tuberculosis cases in the UK traced to raw cat food, Fire, smoke take toll on domestic animals, wildlife, Germ that causes cat scratch disease not necessarily mild, Guidelines raise bar on infection control in veterinary practices, H1N1 virus played no part in UC Davis worker's death, Hills adds to recall of vitamin D-laden dog food, Hong Kong dog poisoning cases draw global attention, Idexx offers SARS-CoV-2 test for pets, bucking official stance, In pictures: dog disorders and their frequency, Indonesia foot-and-mouth crisis amplifies global spread risk, International swine flu outbreak is fast-changing, mysterious, International veterinary students tested by pandemic, Lethal rabbit illness marches across North America, Map tracks veterinary infectious disease cases in real time, Mars recalls kibble in UK over high vitamin D levels, Massachusetts hustles to adopt new rabies approach, Media exaggerated threat of rabies strain that jumped species, epidemiologist says, Meet the veterinarian behind the dog coronavirus discovery, Melamine hangover lingers over pet food industry, More zoo and pets cats test positive for COVID-19 virus, Mycotoxins probable culprit in UK cat-disease outbreak, New cancer drug carries high hopes of oncologists, Paper downplaying risk to dogs of grain-free diets draws fire, Pet Carousel pig ears, beef hooves under recall, Pet food court settlement hung up by appeals, Pet food regulation forum raises spectrum of issues, Potential Salmonella contamination prompts Hartz recall, Powassan virus like West Nile but more severe, Practice records hold big promise for veterinary research, Putting feline risk of COVID-19 in perspective, Puzzling illness among UK cats prompts pet food recall, Raw dog food found to have multidrug-resistant pathogens, Recall issued of certain Blue Buffalo dog foods, Recent reports overstated canine influenza activity, Red tape hobbles use of veterinary labs for COVID-19 testing, Regulators approve vaccine trial for COVID-19 in cats, Reports of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs top 1,100, Research homes in on dietary link to heart ailment in dogs. 2. recommended. My dog was diagnosed with acquired Fanconi disease in December. By Phyllis Entis on November 21, 2011. As part of the routine exam, internal organ function and complete blood counts were performed. Whole genome sequencing shows a deletion of the last exon of Fan1 in Basenji Fanconi syndrome. Henthorn PS, Liu J, Gidalevich T, Fang J, Casal ML, Patterson DF, Giger U. Canine cystinuria: polymorphism in the canine SLC3A1 gene and identification of a nonsense mutation in cystinuric Newfoundland dogs. Physical examination findings have been unremarkable. Research has included, but not been limited to, screening for pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, heavy metals/elements such as arsenic and lead, antibiotics, and pesticides. Fanconi syndrome in four non-basenji dogs exposed to chicken jerky treats. Brons AK, Henthorn PS, Raj K, Fitzgerald CA, Liu J, Sewell AC, Giger U. SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 mutations in autosomal recessive or dominant canine cystinuria: a new classification system. 4D{1]`]taY++V"W[ document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 530 E Washington St Chagrin Falls, OH 44022, 2020 Chagrin Falls Pet Clinic | Site by Yakadanda, Chagrin Falls Veterinary Center & Pet Clinic, Natural Pet Vitamins & Supplements | Veterinarian | Dr. Carol, COVID-19 Update: Chagrin Falls Veterinary Center & Pet Clinic, Dr. Carol Coronavirus News Flash to our Patients, ALERT: Orijen & Acana Dog Food: Euthanasia Solution, Chagrin Falls Veterinary Center & Pet Clinic with Dr. Carol Osborne. A web resource on DNA tests for canine and feline hereditary diseases. Also reported is general lethargy and vomiting. at 1-866-372-2765. home > articles > jerky treats causing fanconi syndrome in dogs, Doindogs Kennel appears to be transient. Contacting your local and state officials helps and I believe most veterinarians are aware of Acquired Fanconi Syndrome and doing their best to stay on top of this. The CDC investigated approximately 100 cases of renal illness in dogs exposed to jerky treats. Acquired Fanconi syndrome in two dogs following long-term - PubMed Since 2007, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has warned of a potential association between illness and consumption of chicken jerky treats [ 6 ]. I would appreciate any thoughts on how to get this disease the attention it needs! Pet treats: Does 'Made in USA' mean safe? var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); 0 My dog absolutely loves them Looking for some from the US, but so far none.. Cadet makes the ones she has now, Hi Jerry, Oops! PMID: 26062568 J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. Extensive diagnostic testing eliminated other causes of the observed clinical signs, such as urinary tract infection and rickettsial disease.

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jerky treats causing fanconi syndrome in dogs

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Hi Cici There is also a lot of interesting info on the site. I have to go to vet office to get medication given ,cause Im unable to hold her well enough and also she wont take treats with medication in it, she smells it and wont eat it. So many dont. Urinalysis generally shows glucosuria and low USG. 17. Dog owners beware Jerky-Treats are killing dogs, News, Chicken jerky treats sicken 353 dogs, owners report, $5million law suit over dogs deaths from jerky treats, More news about Beef Jerky treat for dogs, The following errors occurred with your submission. Additional testing for other causes of Further work up to evaluate renal damage should be done as well can a venous blood gas to establish the acid-based status. Since the disease is typically not discovered . In addition to mildly elevated liver enzymes, the most common blood abnormalities include severe decrease in Potassium, called hypokalemia, along with acidosis and glucose (sugar) in the urine and granular casts on urinalysis. Based upon our studies, dogs with either cystine levels of > 200 mol/g creatinine or COLA values of > 700 mol/g creatinine are considered cystinuric. After export of the chicken treats, Acquired Fanconi Syndrome appeared in Japan, Europe, North America and Australia, predominantly affecting small dog breeds. The complaints received have been on various chicken jerky products but to date we have not detected any contaminants and therefore have not issued a recall or implicated any products. Farias F, Mhlanga-Mutangadura T, Taylor JF, O'Brien DP, Schnabel RD, Johnson GS. Without these the kidneys will start to fail. including Fanconi syndrome, are reported in dogs consuming jerky pet treats. Canadian Veterinary Medicine Association (CVMA), American Veterinary Medicine Association (AVMA), Trader Joes recalls cookies because of rocks in product, Romaine lettuce recalled because of rodent droppings, Cooperstown Cheese Companys cheese products recalled over Listeria contamination, Officials say hepatitis A outbreak linked to frozen organic strawberries is growing, USDA updates for cell-cultured meat and poultry, From Farm to Table: Empowering food safety with AI-driven software, Publishers Platform: Two weeks until Poisoned hits Netflix. Jerky induced Fanconi syndrome is a kidney disease related to ingestion of jerky treats, mainly in dogs, resulting in excretion of sugar in the urine despite normal blood sugar. Thank you. The CVMA also notified the American Veterinary Medicine Association (AVMA), which transmitted the advisory to US veterinarians. We took her home and had been giving her subcutaneous fluids daily for about a month now. 1 FDA investigations are ongoing without established causality or identification of the toxic ingredient. Fanconi Syndrome has historically been seen as a genetically inherited disease seen most commonly in the Basenji breed. Veterinarians Hooper and Roberts, writing in the Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, described four illnesses in small-breed dogs. 30ZO!@/ hYYOG+h+wHGQ|$'h0,;hwQW5C,f#%VEU]G=ReBY*+|)J Hubbard talks about it with her clients at Rustburg Veterinary Clinic in Virginia. Chemistry panels reveal azotemia, hypophosphatemia, hyperchloremia, and hypokalemia. Jerky Treats Causing Fanconi Syndrome in Dogs - doindogs.com All dogs in the reported cases had been fed chicken jerky treats that were manufactured in China. Veterinarians advise avoiding chicken jerky dog treats with her primary vet. In contrast, attempts to dissolve cystine stones medically by drugs and diet have generally failed. Veterinary researchers close in on FIP treatment, Virologist aims to hunt for canine parvovirus strain, Virulent disease in rabbits surfaces in Ohio, Weruva brand implicated in Australia cat food recall, What a year: Pandemic views from around the world, What we know now about Covid in the animal world, Where veterinarians stand in the line for COVID vaccine, World's deadliest horse disease spreads further, Zoo veterinarians tough it out as financial losses mount. 5. Though jerky treats have been a top suspect in investigations into treat-acquired Fanconi, other types have been implicated as well, including dental chews in Australia. panel including electrolytes, urinalysis and urine culture. Thank you Feline cystinuria caused by a missense mutation in the SLC3A1 gene. Internal organ function revealed abnormal renal values and hypophosphatemia. HVj@}Wn{Lq It sounds like your dog is doing better and is lucky to have you as her owner. The 2007 cases were linked to melamine contamination of treats that were manufactured in China. Hooper AN, Roberts BK. Data was analyzed using linear mixed models ( p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant) and descriptive statistics are reported. A nonsurgical procedure is preferred. zP `T*}Ln44O;vqY/3!wwc\bGC}:WN2JmrU{^y_MbtQW"itv{^O(C{OK0hVw/!Yw/.OKpPR^x0y]7Wa}j~vKB)evjf".~yf=F\kwuXs'W_BGDSIEsj '=R `u|;)gO9LkfV^\iynL`LhGUr#}7h/a^p'yI5\;^N7G7CPJZ?0iVO; G,6=4:Y5Gb:XL5 ryy5gfvFJPa@trXN#`EA,x#/"Ga|!S!zg(W2gHgpkUC5cu-fbV"],|Ld>aB..k6yMjg6iOTZj%KH;yc!Xp'Op%"2VcY% //p Update on Fanconi Syndrome & Cystinuria - VIN Thank you for your time. (function() { I trusted Pup E Luv treats as they say they are made in the USA. Outcome of Acquired Fanconi Syndrome Associated with Ingestion of Jerky Ethel ate regular AAFCO certified dog food; however, she was encouraged to eat every meal with jerky treats on top of it. Furthermore, urinalysis often reveals the presence of characteristic hexagonal cystine crystals. jerky treats causing Fanconi syndrome in dogs (bite, vet, diarrhea Born 11-01-10 is diagnosed with fanconi syndrome in January of 2020. More recently Fanconi syndrome has been associated with the ingestion of chicken and duck, and even veggie pet jerky treats of different brands that contain Chinese products. doi: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-5602. urinalysis. In several of these breeds from which more data is available, such as the Mastiff, French and English Bulldog, Basset hound and Irish terrier, the disease predominantly occurs later in life, is less severe, more variable and only involves intact mature males. Thanks for the reply. Does this new elevation mean that she is going to die? D1y IIskPjTb EF Kidney x-rays, andFanconi Syndrome screens on urine may be warranted in some cases. Recent studies indicate that Labrador Retrievers with copper-associated hepatopathy develop Fanconi syndrome. I appreciate you sharing this with us and food products from China are best to be avoided. We recommend a CBC, chemistry panel including electrolytes, urinalysis and urine culture. In the majority of these cases, the symptoms resolved once the toxin was removed from their diet, though the possibility of severe lasting kidney damage may still exist. Her breed is not consistant with the disease. Some internists may follow a specialized plan called the Gonto Protocol. PMID: 22058368. Cause in spate of dog deaths in Norway remains elusive, Clostridium botulinum not detected, pet food maker says, Coronaviruses in the domestic animal kingdom, COVID-19 hits 11 Illinois veterinary clinics, COVID-19 variant link to pet heart problems scrutinized, Deadly dog disease burrows into Australia, Diet-related heart problem reported in 325 dogs, Dispatch from Hong Kong: Life amid COVID-19, Dog food brands most linked to heart-disease reports named, Dog infected by COVID-19 virus, Hong Kong authorities say, Dog under Ebola watch gets high-level caretakers, Domestic vaccine for lethal rabbit virus available, Dozens of dogs die after eating tainted kibble, Early test results show no new parvo outbreak, MSU says, Fast-spreading cough strikes dogs in Montana, FDA wants your thoughts on pet food oversight, FDA: Pet diet remains 'a potential factor' in DCM cases, FDA: Study of Salmonella in pet food just routine, Feline tuberculosis cases in the UK traced to raw cat food, Fire, smoke take toll on domestic animals, wildlife, Germ that causes cat scratch disease not necessarily mild, Guidelines raise bar on infection control in veterinary practices, H1N1 virus played no part in UC Davis worker's death, Hills adds to recall of vitamin D-laden dog food, Hong Kong dog poisoning cases draw global attention, Idexx offers SARS-CoV-2 test for pets, bucking official stance, In pictures: dog disorders and their frequency, Indonesia foot-and-mouth crisis amplifies global spread risk, International swine flu outbreak is fast-changing, mysterious, International veterinary students tested by pandemic, Lethal rabbit illness marches across North America, Map tracks veterinary infectious disease cases in real time, Mars recalls kibble in UK over high vitamin D levels, Massachusetts hustles to adopt new rabies approach, Media exaggerated threat of rabies strain that jumped species, epidemiologist says, Meet the veterinarian behind the dog coronavirus discovery, Melamine hangover lingers over pet food industry, More zoo and pets cats test positive for COVID-19 virus, Mycotoxins probable culprit in UK cat-disease outbreak, New cancer drug carries high hopes of oncologists, Paper downplaying risk to dogs of grain-free diets draws fire, Pet Carousel pig ears, beef hooves under recall, Pet food court settlement hung up by appeals, Pet food regulation forum raises spectrum of issues, Potential Salmonella contamination prompts Hartz recall, Powassan virus like West Nile but more severe, Practice records hold big promise for veterinary research, Putting feline risk of COVID-19 in perspective, Puzzling illness among UK cats prompts pet food recall, Raw dog food found to have multidrug-resistant pathogens, Recall issued of certain Blue Buffalo dog foods, Recent reports overstated canine influenza activity, Red tape hobbles use of veterinary labs for COVID-19 testing, Regulators approve vaccine trial for COVID-19 in cats, Reports of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs top 1,100, Research homes in on dietary link to heart ailment in dogs. 2. recommended. My dog was diagnosed with acquired Fanconi disease in December. By Phyllis Entis on November 21, 2011. As part of the routine exam, internal organ function and complete blood counts were performed. Whole genome sequencing shows a deletion of the last exon of Fan1 in Basenji Fanconi syndrome. Henthorn PS, Liu J, Gidalevich T, Fang J, Casal ML, Patterson DF, Giger U. Canine cystinuria: polymorphism in the canine SLC3A1 gene and identification of a nonsense mutation in cystinuric Newfoundland dogs. Physical examination findings have been unremarkable. Research has included, but not been limited to, screening for pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, heavy metals/elements such as arsenic and lead, antibiotics, and pesticides. Fanconi syndrome in four non-basenji dogs exposed to chicken jerky treats. Brons AK, Henthorn PS, Raj K, Fitzgerald CA, Liu J, Sewell AC, Giger U. SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 mutations in autosomal recessive or dominant canine cystinuria: a new classification system. 4D{1]`]taY++V"W[ document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 530 E Washington St Chagrin Falls, OH 44022, 2020 Chagrin Falls Pet Clinic | Site by Yakadanda, Chagrin Falls Veterinary Center & Pet Clinic, Natural Pet Vitamins & Supplements | Veterinarian | Dr. Carol, COVID-19 Update: Chagrin Falls Veterinary Center & Pet Clinic, Dr. Carol Coronavirus News Flash to our Patients, ALERT: Orijen & Acana Dog Food: Euthanasia Solution, Chagrin Falls Veterinary Center & Pet Clinic with Dr. Carol Osborne. A web resource on DNA tests for canine and feline hereditary diseases. Also reported is general lethargy and vomiting. at 1-866-372-2765. home > articles > jerky treats causing fanconi syndrome in dogs, Doindogs Kennel appears to be transient. Contacting your local and state officials helps and I believe most veterinarians are aware of Acquired Fanconi Syndrome and doing their best to stay on top of this. The CDC investigated approximately 100 cases of renal illness in dogs exposed to jerky treats. Acquired Fanconi syndrome in two dogs following long-term - PubMed Since 2007, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has warned of a potential association between illness and consumption of chicken jerky treats [ 6 ]. I would appreciate any thoughts on how to get this disease the attention it needs! Pet treats: Does 'Made in USA' mean safe? var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); 0 My dog absolutely loves them Looking for some from the US, but so far none.. Cadet makes the ones she has now, Hi Jerry, Oops! PMID: 26062568 J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. Extensive diagnostic testing eliminated other causes of the observed clinical signs, such as urinary tract infection and rickettsial disease. How To Get Only Alphabets From String In Javascript, Make Red Chuchu Jelly, Timmerman School Uniforms, Pateros School District, Articles J

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Τα σχολικά βοηθήματα είναι ο καλύτερος “προπονητής” για τον μαθητή. Ο ρόλος του είναι ενισχυτικός, καθώς δίνουν στα παιδιά την ευκαιρία να εξασκούν διαρκώς τις γνώσεις τους μέχρι να εμπεδώσουν πλήρως όσα έμαθαν και να φτάσουν στο επιθυμητό αποτέλεσμα. Είναι η επανάληψη μήτηρ πάσης μαθήσεως; Σίγουρα, ναι! Όσες περισσότερες ασκήσεις, τόσο περισσότερο αυξάνεται η κατανόηση και η εμπέδωση κάθε πληροφορίας.

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