Monsoonal variation results in eastward transportation of saltier water from the Arabian Sea to the Bay of Bengal from June to September and in westerly transport by the East India Coastal Current to the Arabian Sea from January to April. The French established colonies on the islands of Runion and Mauritius in 1721; by 1735 some 7,200 slaves populated the Mascarene Islands, a number which had reached 133,000 in 1807. Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal exchange of salt and tracers These phytoplankton blooms support the marine ecosystem, as the base of the marine food web, and eventually the larger fish species. Tourism is among the key focus area in the BIMSTEC, with the potential to generate over $200 billion. Also called Lakshadweep Sea, the waterbody is generally warm with constant temperatures that hostover 3,600 species of marine flora and fauna making it a very rich marine biological resource. The maximum depth is 15,400 feet (4,694 metres). The Valdivia expedition 18981899 made deep samples in the Indian Ocean. 17 June 2021 Arabian Sea emerging as a cyclone hotspot Faster warming in recent years increases Indias west coast's vulnerability to devastating storms, scientists say. Despite an extensive search, the whereabouts of the remains of the aircraft is unknown. Arabian Sea The ocean south of the polar front (roughly 50 south latitude) is high in biologic productivity and dominated by non-stratified sediment composed mostly of siliceous oozes. [8], In Ancient Greek geography, the Indian Ocean region known to the Greeks was called the Erythraean Sea. [83] [56] [9], Unlike the Pacific Ocean where the civilization of the Polynesians reached most of the far-flung islands and atolls and populated them, almost all the islands, archipelagos and atolls of the Indian Ocean were uninhabited until colonial times. Etymology [5] Along its core, the Indian Ocean has some large marginal or regional seas such as the Arabian Sea, Laccadive Sea, Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea. The more recent Southern Dispersal or Coastal hypothesis instead advocates that modern humans spread along the coasts of the Arabic Peninsula and southern Asia. [28], The ocean's currents are mainly controlled by the monsoon. It is connected to the Indian Ocean by the Gulf of Aden and the Bab el Mandeb Strait. An unstable political situation and mismanagement has resulted in overgrazing which has produced one of the most degraded hotspots where only c. 5% of the original habitat remains. The volume of iceberg loss in the Indian Ocean between 2004 and 2012 was 24Gt. The Bay of Bengals coastal regions features protected area and historical and religious sites. It has a surface area of 2,600,000km2 and stretches over a maximum length of 2,090 km and a maximum width of 1,610 km. Tuna is one of the most caught fish in the Bay of Bengal. [32], The opening of the Indian Ocean began c. 156Ma when Africa separated from East Gondwana. Kolkata, India, is one of the largest cities near the Bay of Bengal with a population of 4.5 million people. [71], At least eleven prehistoric tsunamis have struck the Indian Ocean coast of Indonesia between 7400 and 2900 years ago. The Marginal Seas Of The Indian Ocean The Arabian Sea is linked to the Red Sea by the Gulf of Aden while the Gulf of Oman links the Arabian Sea to the Persian Gulf. The Laccadive Sea is famous for pearl fishery as well as the Mannar marine park. 19. The unknown author of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea describes this route, as well as the commodities that were traded along various commercial ports on the coasts of the Horn of Africa and India circa 1CE. [67], Pleistocene fossils of Homo erectus and other preH. The fan of sediments of the Ganges River is the widest5 to 7 miles (8 to 11 km)and thickest in the world. To the south it is bounded by the Southern Ocean or Antarctica depending on the definition in use. [10][11] Meridionally, the Indian Ocean is delimited from the Atlantic Ocean by the 20 east meridian, running south from Cape Agulhas, and from the Pacific Ocean by the meridian of 14649'E, running south from South East Cape. The Indian Ocean is artificially connected to the Mediterranean Sea without ship lock through the Suez Canal, which is accessible via the Red Sea. The Silk Road runs with its connections from the Chinese coast and its large container ports to the south via Hanoi to Jakarta, Singapore and Kuala Lumpur through the Strait of Malacca via the Sri Lankan Colombo opposite the southern tip of India via Mal, the capital of the Maldives, to the East African Mombasa, from there to Djibouti, then through the Red Sea over the Suez Canal into the Mediterranean, there via Haifa, Istanbul and Athens to the Upper Adriatic to the northern Italian junction of Trieste with its international free port and its rail connections to Central and Eastern Europe. [70], Food globalisation began on the Indian Ocean littoral c. 4.000years ago. https://www.britannica.com/place/Bay-of-Bengal, Indianetzone - Bay of Bengal, Indian Physiography. The 1970 Bhola Cyclone formed on November 8, 1970, on the Bay of Bengals central parts and intensified as it traveled northwards. Author of. Cyclone Amphan originated about 300 km east of Sri Lankas commercial capital Colombo on May 13, 2020. The bay hosts the worlds largest mangrove forest (Sundarbans) and longest beach (Coxs Bazar). It has a surface area of 2,600,000 km 2 and stretches over a maximum length of 2,090 km and a maximum width of 1,610 km. The coasts of the Indian Ocean includes beaches and intertidal zones covering 3,000km2 (1,200sqmi) and 246 larger estuaries. This bay has an average depth of 2,600 m and a maximum depth of 4,694 m. Andaman Sea The Andaman Sea is part of the eastern Indian Ocean. Between November and April (winter season), a continental high-pressure system on the bays north causes the northeast monsoons to form. [29], The Indian Ocean contains the largest submarine fans of the world, the Bengal Fan and Indus Fan, and the largest areas of slope terraces and rift valleys. The Swahili people he encountered along the African east coast lived in a series of cities and had established trade routes to India and to China. 19. Of Earth's 36 biodiversity hotspot nine (or 25%) are located on the margins of the Indian Ocean. [9], The borders of the Indian Ocean, as delineated by the International Hydrographic Organization in 1953 included the Southern Ocean but not the marginal seas along the northern rim but in 2002 the IHO delimited the Southern Ocean separately, which removed waters south of 60S from the Indian Ocean but included the northern marginal seas. [68], The Out of Africa theory states that Homo sapiens spread from Africa into mainland Eurasia. The Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. Review. Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal exchange of salt and tracers According to the Toba catastrophe theory, a supereruption c. 74,000 years ago at Lake Toba, Sumatra, covered India with volcanic ashes and wiped out one or more lineages of such archaic humans in India and Southeast Asia. Only a handful of storms in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal - about one every 10 years - achieve the level of super cyclone. Amphan made landfall in West Bengal on May 20 at a one-minute sustained wind of 100 mph, causing significant destruction. It borders Indian, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and the Andaman and Nicobar islands of India. Although its deltaic portion lies mostly in Bangladesh, the course of the Ganges It also contains many reptiles. [61], There are fewer seamounts in the Indian Ocean than in the Atlantic and Pacific. WebThe distribution of sea surface salinity (SSS) in the Arabian Sea (AS) and Bay of Bengal (BoB) is in contrast due to differences in air-sea freshwater fluxes and river runoff inputs.The monsoon-induced inter-basin water exchange plays an important role in regional salinity balance and atmosphere-ocean feedback in the North Indian Ocean. This bay has an average depth of 2,600 m and a maximum depth of 4,694 m. The Bay of Bengal is the worlds largest water body referred to as a bay. [61] This page was last edited on 19 July 2023, at 14:58. Bay of Bengal Bay of Bengal WebAlong its core, the Indian Ocean has some large marginal or regional seas such as the Arabian Sea, Laccadive Sea, Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea . The archipelagoes of the central Indian Ocean, the Laccadive and Maldive islands, were probably populated during the 2nd century B.C. It grew in importance beginning in the 1960s and 1970s and, after the Cold War, it has undergone periods of political instability, most recently with the emergence of India and China as regional powers. Chittagong, Bangladesh, has about 8.6 million people within its metropolitan area. The Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers, together with their tributaries, drain about one-third of India. Bay of Bengal Inflow of high salinity water from the Arabian Sea into the Bay of Bengal is significant and occurs after the mature phase of the Coast-bound vessels transported goods between the Indus Valley civilisation (26001900BCE) in the Indian subcontinent (modern-day Pakistan and Northwest India) and the Persian Gulf and Egypt. r, Oman, on the northwestern coast of the Arabian Sea. This hypothesis is supported by mtDNA research which reveals a rapid dispersal event during the Late Pleistocene (11,000years ago). Water Mass Exchanges between the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea from Multiyear Sampling with Autonomous Gliders Luc Rainville , Craig M. Lee , K. Arulananthan , S. U. P. Jinadasa , Harindra J. S. Fernando , W. N. C. Priyadarshani , and Hemantha Wijesekera Online Publication: 22 Sep 2022 Print Publication: 01 Oct 2022 Collections: [4] It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. Marginal seas are shallower than the ocean and have close proximity to land. Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea The Andaman Sea washes the shores of Thailand, Myanmar, and the Malay Peninsula. [75] During this period, independent, short-distance oversea communications along its littoral margins evolved into an all-embracing network. The large gulfs of Aden and Oman are to the northwest, the Bay of Bengal is to the northeast, and the Great Australian Bight is off the southern coast of Australia. It attracted several trading ventures, including the British West India Company.
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