Satinsky E., Fuhr D.C., Woodward A., Sondorp E., Roberts B. To explore the different ways that refugee parents respond to mental distress, we will use the lens of agency, with which we mean the capacity for purposive action, the ability to pursue goals, express voice and influence and make decisions [26]. The rest live in the city itself., Refugees in Turkey are allowed to work and they have access to healthcare and education. Although sometimes refugees seek (mental) healthcare, at other times they show agency by doing nothing or by deliberately using distracting activities to deal with severe stress. In this example, they could have benefitted from bodily integrity: mental and social wellbeing, safety, and security. This was my life.". Three young men drowned in the rough sea after trying to swim toward a passing ship. De Betekenis van Levensverhalen: Theoretische Beschouwingen en Toepassingen in Onderzoek en Praktijk. Empowerment PLUSEmpowerment of Self-Management and Care Seeking Behaviour for Refugee Childrens Stress-Related Health Problems.|NOW. The number of codes per fragment was unlimited; when necessary, a new label was created, and the earlier coded fragments were examined again. [1] Refugee Definition Oxford English Dictionary, [3] How to Treat Refugees With Dignity: A Lesson From Turkey New York Times. Do you agree or disagree with these policies? Why do they choose to help? This study has limitations that are inherent to a qualitative approach, e.g., other authors might interpret data differently. Each and every chapter served a specific story to further advance the story, and most of them ended with some form of cliffhanger to leave you coming back for more. > Sitemap How Did Mahmoud Travel in Refugee? The April journey, which NPR reconstructed based on passenger interviews and legal testimonies, illustrates what human rights groups say has turned into an assault on asylum rights during the pandemic. I feel like a human being again.". But when refugees did something they didn't want them to do - when they tried to cross the border into their country, or slept on the front stoops of their shops, or jumped in front of their cars, or prayed on the decks of their ferries - that's when people couldn't ignore them any longer. and M.v.d.M. In this country, when a teacher writes something down, in his report about a child, theres nothing you can do. The other migrants aboard told Tsedal they would try to steer to either the Italian island of Lampedusa or the island nation of Malta, the two closest outcrops of the European Union. It does not store any personal data. As the sun rose the next day, another young Eritrean aboard, 18-year-old Abdu Mahmoud, filmed videos on his phone of the blue sky and calm sea. In this picture mahmouds familys house got blown up by a bomb thats when they decided to leave Aleppo Syria. Aisha is also a published writer in both internet and print media and in 2009 -10 she was the Queensland editor at a national Australian Islamic newspaper ~ Crescent Times. Refugee | Reading Quiz - Quizizz the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. He, along with the majority of his followers, fled Makkah and sought refuge in Madinah. For Dutch professional caregivers, it might be difficult to grasp that this is a form of active self-management, a deliberate choice. His school. All transcripts were coded following an open and axial coding strategy [40] and analysed using pattern analyses through the lens of agency as explained in the Introduction. This is the most important migration in the history of Islam and because of its significance it marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. Joanna Kakissis is a foreign correspondent based in Kyiv, Ukraine, where she reports poignant stories of a conflict that has upended millions of lives, affected global energy and food supplies and pitted NATO against Russia. If you are the author of this thesis or dissertation, and would like to request an exceptional extension of the embargo period, please write to thesisadmin@aucegypt.edu, Mahmoud, M. Prophet Abraham and his family were forced to migrate and were supported by God in their endeavor (Quran 21: 71). These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Bronstein I., Montgomery P. Psychological Distress in Refugee Children: A Systematic Review. Collective action is expressed through organising and mobilising, gaining and using solidarity, taking action collectively to improve circumstances and position of ones social group, and coming together around common goals and interests. By Kate Bond | 17 April 2014 | Espaol | The Sunday Read: 'The Trillion-Gallon Question' FOIA By his actions Prophet Muhammad established a golden rule for the treatment of refugees. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Why did he like to be that way? The stress seemed to jolt her to the past. Mahmoud's Journey - ArcGIS StoryMaps For religious people, endurance can be understood as bearing and living hardship; in secular examples, it can be found in seeking self-empowerment through the cultivation of self-esteem (for example by pursuing a professional career). The fact that Gratz was able to combine valuable historical knowledge, entrench empathy-invoking events so effortlessly, and provide high amounts of action and adventure into one story made it a perfect fit for me, my classroom, and my students. Human rights groups have, however, lauded the release of asylum-seekers from a notorious detention center. Despite starting off as a reserved kid, he eventually works his way into becoming the leader of his family (and many others). The causes for these feelings may differ and the challenges they face may also differ. It is from there that 'Participatory Development' as a field came to gain much attention lately. he wants the body to be covered with a Nazi flag before it is buried at sea. Accessibility Statement, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 International License. Despite these feelings, the persistent shared experience, determination, and resistance make the biomedical construct of mental illness an inappropriate label for the communal experience of traumatic political violence [49]. They also shared their food and livelihood. When Aaron is released six months later, Josef, his mother Rachel, his sister Ruthie, and Aaron all board the St. Louis, which is set to take them to Cuba. Within decision-making, resources are defined as tangible and intangible capital and sources of power that people have, own or use individually or collectively in the exercise of agency [26]. We have a different culture; the Arab culture exists inside us. And I'm kind of a perfectionist myself.". The high-stakes associated with each characters journey was perfection. Van Berkum M., Smulders E., Haker F., Bloemen E., Van Wieringen J., Looman B., Geraci D., Jansen J. Zorg, Ondersteuning En Preventie Voor Nieuwkomende Vluchtelingen: Wat Is Er Nodig? Several felt that they had not been consulted or involved in the problem definition, or felt the solution does not fit with their beliefs. How Did Mahmoud Travel in Refugee? - greentravelguides.tv Groark C., Sclare I., Raval H. Understanding the Experiences and Emotional Needs of Unaccompanied Asylum-Seeking Adolescents in the UK. Karoun Demirjian, a congressional correspondent for The Times, explains . These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Publishers Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. an act that goes against a law, rule, or code of conduct; an offense. The findings are presented in a narrative format with the occasional interviewers question or remark written in italics. Compare the fathers and mothers of Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud, and discuss the ways that events in each story shape their responses to their situation. What are the key symbols, motifs, and themes in Refugee "We need help. Many generations later, Prophet Muhammad instructed some members of his fledgling community to migrate to Abyssinia. Sabah Mahmood, who draws on Judith Butlers extensive writings about agency, takes the concept further: although Butler wants to steer clear of agency as always and only opposed to power [36] (p. 17), Butlers work still is mostly derived from, and directed at articulations of resistance to social norms and the subordinating function of power [28] (p. 211). Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. According to traditions and sources from the time Prophet Muhammad named one resident of Madinah (later known as the helpers), and one immigrant, and declared them brothers or sisters. Josef's family is finally reunited months later in 1939, and they attempt to escape Nazi Germany aboard the M.S. In any case, Alkhuder said, the message he heard from every refugee he advised was the same: "They dont want clothes, food, money, they just want opportunity," he recalled. Aisha Stacey is the mother of three adult children. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Mahmoud's mother was too insensible to speak, so Mahmoud told his father how . "Refugees want to meet Germans, and vice versa," Alkhuder said. For this, people use the resource reflection (thinking of what would help the child to alleviate his bad mood) and assets, in the form of financial capital and time. Taking their context and lived experience into account might open up different ways of offering help [22,52]. In this article, we contribute to the work of feminist authors such as Ahmed and Bracke, who challenge the conception of agency as either resisting or upholding societal norms. Two of his brothers, both pharmacists,were thrown into a Syrian government prison for giving medical treatment to wounded protestersshortly after the revolution erupted. [2]. The capture of Efahn marked the eclipse of the afavid dynasty. Isabel Fernandez's story begins in 1994 in Havana, Cuba under the oppressive rule of Fidel Castro. Tsedal knew the sea crossing could be deadly. White Paper: A Conceptual Model on Women and Girls Empowerment. The trip is initially joyous and hopeful. In . Please see Figure 1 for a screenshot of an example where two filters were applied (Fear and Child). By clicking Sign up, you agree to receive marketing emails from Insider He did not only help fellow Syrians, however he offered legal advice to refugees from all over, but those who needed it most, he said, came primarily from Africa. In this book, you follow all of these characters' refugee journeys. This giving up fits in the notion of suffering as Mahmood describes, which would make it a (small) performance of agency. "They allowed us to do that. Mental Health Care Utilisation and Access among Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Europe: A Systematic Review. To improve refugees circumstances, it would be helpful to obtain the necessary resources they need/use to express decision-making, leadership, and collective action, to prevent mental health problems (as much as possible) through societal change at a larger scale. Captured and sent back to Egypt, the young refugee from Syria is now making a fresh start in Sweden. Kabeer N. Paid Work, Womens Empowerment and Gender Justice: Critical Pathways of Social Change. A beautiful city on the Syrian-Turkish border, Gaziantep, is said to house 600,000 Syrians. Interviews were conducted between September 2019 and March 2021, face-to-face or online due to COVID restrictions, and lasted between 45 and 90 min. Only one of them came out of the prison alive. Excel screenshot with two filters applied (Fear and Child). Tsedal cleaned a nearby pharmacy and made enough to afford at least one meal a day. It was a huge ship. Davids T. Trying to Be a Vulnerable Observer: Matters of Agency, Solidarity and Hospitality in Feminist Ethnography. Mahmoud remembers crew members explaining in English what was going on. Mamd proclaimed himself ruler of Iran in 1722, and in 1723 he put to death. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. and E.R. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Refugee Quote Connection Activity - Storyboard That Tsedal says the extreme heat and lack of food and water seemed to destroy her father, who was diabetic. Reasons refugees mention for not wanting to visit Dutch healthcare providers are cultural differences and lack of confidence in Dutch healthcare organisations [3,22,23]. They were trying to cross more than 100 miles of the Mediterranean Sea to reach Europe. They could use the insights about distraction and focus in their conversations with refugees and offer them examples that others have experienced to be helpful. Josef (Berlin, Germany-1938) to Mahmoud (Aleppo, Syria-2015) Josef (Berlin, Germany-1939, 1 day from home) to Mahmoud (Aleppo, Syria-2015) . Larger scale studies can give insight into experiences of refugees with healthcare professionals who perform care as usual compared with experiences with healthcare professionals who were specifically trained in the concepts of agency and the experiences of refugees. Approximately 40,000 of which live in the citys five camps, which are administered by Turkeys Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency. Tsedal thought she might be hallucinating too. Bohlmeijer E. 1 Herinneringen, levensverhalen en gezondheid. For example, resistance can be voiced clearly but also be kept private, or seem withdrawn. The United Nations Refugee Convention that took place some 66 years ago relied heavily, albeit possibly unknowingly, on Prophet Muhammads way of treating and integrating refugees and migrants into the host community. The government is committed to creating a pathway to Turkish citizenship. Showing initiative to improve circumstances of people beyond her family circle, is an example of leadership. In this study, we would like to contribute to health equality by providing insight in the ways in which refugee parents respond to their and their childrens mental distress, so that service providers can adjust their services to better fit refugees capacities and needs. Each story weaves actual events into the narrative to create a realistic picture of the struggle and tragedies that families in each of these situations have faced. In our analyses we will look for the different sources of power that refugees mention when dealing with stress or working towards mental wellbeing. A ring of young men sat on the edges, shielding the women and children from the sea's cold waves. With Alex Stern. Mahmoud Refugee Project. - ArcGIS StoryMaps His legal education made him accutely aware of how Syrian president Bashar Assad was taking advantage of the movement to imprison dissidents indefinitely and accept huge bribes for their release. Compare his experience to Mahmouds when he says, They only see us when we do something they dont want us to do. (p. 214). A person-centred approach would help to view refugees as persons with agency, even when this agency seems less strong or decisive. Available online: Madhok S., Phillips A., Wilson K., Hemmings C. Willan S., Gibbs A., Petersen I., Jewkes R. Exploring Young Womens Reproductive Decision-Making, Agency and Social Norms in South African Informal Settlements. Do you believe this is the best choice? Students will see themselves in the young protagonists: children faced with insurmountable and tragic circumstances but who, at their heart, are just kids who love their families and want to live in peace. Storyboard That is the perfect tool for novel lesson plans and activities because it's so easy to use and extremely versatile. To our knowledge, this is very novel in the field of refugee medicine and these insights provide novel constructive ways to deal with refugees for professional caregivers. A couple of older Eritreans who lived in her building paid a smuggler to secure a spot for Tsedal on a raft bound for Europe. ; writingoriginal draft preparation: J.R.; writingreview and editing: J.R., E.R. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Storyboards also promote higher-level thinking by encouraging students to synthesize information and think critically about what they have read. The EU has also been criticized for funding Libya's coast guard to keep migrants from crossing. Refugee: Mahmoud: Aleppo, Syria - 2015 (1) - LitCharts 2.1. Original music by Elisheba Ittoop , Dan . In the past year, especially since the pandemic broke out, the IOM's Msehli says, there has also been an increase in "arbitrary arrests" of migrants in their homes. If these biases in our group of respondents will have influenced the answers, we expect our respondents to generally have been more positive and knowledgeable about professional care and possibly to use more externally focused kinds of agency. "I told myself, if we sink, then I will hold this and float as long as I can," she says, "and hope God will be with me. "I tried to hide so they wouldn't find me. What happens to Mahmoud at the end of refugee? She lived with two other Eritrean girls. Although the interviews aimed at gathering individual responses to mental distress, we did find one person who showed agency through leadership: a Syrian woman who founded an organisation to help and educate fellow refugees about mental health problems in their children. International maritime law says countries are obligated to save distressed boat passengers in their territorial waters or in parts of the sea where they're responsible for rescues. Wanting to pursue an MBA in Edinburgh, Alkhuder applied for a student visa to the UK viathe British embassy in Amman. I loved the believability of the events. Refugee is a heart-pounding adventure as well as an important book that shines a light on a too often invisible and politicized problem. Discuss the personalities of each of these young people: Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud. When he is able to open his eyes again, he sees several other refugees in the truck, including Youssef. That's what it's like in Syria: the role of lawyers there is to bribe your way through the legal system. Meanwhile, you can now submit a question on the conflict for our military analysts or team . Health professionals lack of awareness about different kinds of agency may lead to a judgmental attitude and is a crucial barrier to empowerment [43]. The next phase consisted of rereading and assigning codes to every fragment. Summary: Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud all have one thing in common: they're fleeing their homelands for safety. Finding a middle road and switching back and forth is an example of decision-making through bargaining, using knowledge and skills as resources. His sister, Ruthie. Sometimes people go through such difficult times that they are unable to seek help, like a woman whose husband suffered from severe depression, and he did not talk to their daughters and son anymore. It carried 937 Jewish refugees who were seeking freedom from Nazi persecution in Germany. "I did not want to get off the boat," Tsedal says. Expert Answers Julianne Hansen, M.A. But many others make it. SURVEY . How do other countries feel about the immigrant refugees? Isabel's story is like that of thousands of other Cuban immigrants who all fled Castro's Cuba. "Imagine gettingtreated like this just because of your nationality," Alkhuder said, looking exasperated. A recent study in the Netherlands among the general population shows several reasons for this: not being able to properly articulate problems and wishes; the feeling that the social or healthcare professional does not know you well; the professionals opinion about a persons capability to make a decision [9,13,14]. However, the trouble begins when the ship docks in Havana harbor and the Cuban government does not allow the passengers to disembark. Isabel is 11 years old in 1994, growing up in Havana, Cuba, under Fidel Castro's regime. ; project administration, funding acquisition: M.v.d.M. The resource they use here is bodily integrity: they have/use a body that is healthy enough to go for a walk without assistance, and they appear to feel safe enough to do so. Respondents were predominantly highly educated: 19 persons. Refugee is both thrilling and heartrending. answer choices . "My concern is that as COVID subsides and it must, eventually many of these countries will leave these restrictive border practices in place.". According to Teunissen et al. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. The key issue that the thesis shall tackle is that refugees can be a positive factor and asset in Egypt, yet there are factors impeding them from being so, namely: the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in its role as a change agent and humanitarian organization, the willingness of the refugees themselves, the laws that the government of Egypt and the perception of the Egyptian people themselves to the refugees. So, I talked to her, are you sad, or how do you feel when he goes to another group?. Received 2021 Nov 30; Accepted 2022 Jan 7. Refugee: Mahmoud: Hungary - 2015, 16 days Summary & Analysis - LitCharts people chose not to see them. (p. 18) How does this simple statement reflect his experience on the train in Nazi Germany? Although reading the Quran, making moves, and doing Tasspeeh can be seen as a way of distraction, the way these participants spoke about it is about focusing their attention inward, reflecting and obtaining wisdom from the Quran, and gaining trust in the future, both showing and working towards resilience. I need professionals to give courses about these issues to refugees. "Imagine if, as a lawyer, you could bribe and I'm not exaggerating 80% of the judges in your country," Alkhuder said. Why do others treat the refugees with meanness and disrespect? Compare the method of travel for each of these refugee families. In Syria, Mahmoud was a successful tradesman, living happily with his wife and four children in a big house in the country's capital, Damascus. Or, to speak with Butler [47]: as long as there are no substantial changes in the circumstances of precarity that refugees themselves have no power over to influence, refugees as a vulnerable group will have great difficulty in climbing out of an underdog position. a short period of rest or relief from something difficult or unpleasant. Barber B.K., McNeely C.A., Sarraj E.E., Daher M., Giacaman R., Arafat C., Barnes W., Mallouh M.A. He also hopes the case will resonate beyond his small country and remind nations that using the pandemic to undermine asylum rights is illegal and inhumane. You can also use Storyboard That to create a summary of the book, a movie poster, or analyze themes and events. Multiple-choice 30 seconds 1 pt Who refuses to attend Josef's bar mitzvah? So Alkhuder fled to Jordan, not least to avoid the two-year military service required of all Syrian men when they turn 18 service that, at that point, would have forced him to "kill or be killed.". PublishedFebruary 13, 2021 at 4:00 AM PST. [1], In 2014, global displacement reached historic levels: 59.5 million people were forced to flee their homes. The family face incredible hardship and tragedy throughout their long journey through Turkey, Greece, Macedonia, Serbia, and Hungary on their way to Germany. He could send a photo to the officer via WhatsApp to prove it, if he wanted. Another form of decision-making is distracting children when they are in a bad mood, by giving something nice to eat, allowing more freedom than usual, or spoiling them a little bit. How are these reasons similar? Above all else, Prophet Muhammad taught us to love and obey God and he pointed out on numerous occasions that individual rights although important are not as important as a stable and moral society. ", Deportations continue in the United States, for instance, despite President Biden's pledge to significantly boost America's refugee admissions. Libya's detention centers are crowded, filthy and dangerous. Refugee Isabel: Off the Coast of Florida1994 - Mahmoud: Berlin
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